The following are the general steps involved in the DM process:

Pretreatment:

The first step in the DM process is pretreatment, which involves the removal of suspended solids and organic matter from the water using filtration, sedimentation, or other methods.

Cation Exchange:

The next step is cation exchange, where the water passes through a bed of cation exchange resin that removes positively charged ions.

Anion Exchange:

The water then passes through a bed of anion exchange resin that removes negatively charged ions.

Mixed Bed:

To further purify the water, it may pass through a mixed bed of cation and anion exchange resins that remove any remaining impurities.

Regeneration:

The ion exchange resins need to be regenerated periodically to maintain their effectiveness. Regeneration involves washing the resins with a solution that restores their ion exchange capacity.

Post Treatment:

After the DM process is complete, the water may undergo post-treatment, such as pH adjustment, disinfection, or polishing, to further improve its quality.

Overall, a DM plant is an effective way to produce high-quality demineralized water for various industrial and commercial applications. The process requires careful monitoring and maintenance to ensure that the plant operates efficiently and effectively.